Convert amps to watts — and check the circuit
Amps, watts and volts
1.80 kWh = $0.31
At 120 V that appliance draws 15 amps.
- Running for 24 hours
- 43.2 kWh · $7.34
- One kWh at this price
- $0.17
- What one kWh runs
- 0.6 hours of this appliance
A 15-amp 120 V circuit carries 1,800 W on paper and 1,440 W continuously. A 20-amp circuit: 2,400 W and 1,920 W. Anything running three hours or more counts as continuous.
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How do you convert amps to watts?
Watts = amps × volts. A 12.5 amp appliance on a 120 V supply is 1,500 W; the same 1,500 W on 230 V draws 6.5 amps. Going the other way, amps = watts ÷ volts.
The reason this matters is the breaker. A 15-amp, 120 V circuit carries 1,800 W in theory, but the continuous-load rule limits it to 80% — 1,440 W for anything running three hours or more. That is precisely why every plug-in heater in North America stops at 1,500 W and why two of them on the same circuit trip it.
Voltage is also why the same appliance looks so different in different countries. At 230 V a 16-amp circuit carries 3,680 W, which is how European kettles reach 3,000 W and boil in half the time. The energy used to boil the water is identical; the rate at which it can be delivered is not.
What each circuit can actually carry, on both common supply voltages.
| Circuit | Maximum | Continuous (80%) | Typical use |
|---|---|---|---|
| 15 A at 120 V | 1,800 W | 1,440 W | general outlets, North America |
| 20 A at 120 V | 2,400 W | 1,920 W | kitchen outlets |
| 30 A at 240 V | 7,200 W | 5,760 W | dryer, water heater |
| 50 A at 240 V | 12,000 W | 9,600 W | range, EV charger |
| 13 A at 230 V | 2,990 W | 2,392 W | UK plug, per socket |
| 16 A at 230 V | 3,680 W | 2,944 W | European circuit |
| 32 A at 230 V | 7,360 W | 5,888 W | EV charger, shower |
The two 120 V rows at the top are the whole reason a North American heater stops at 1,500 W. It is not caution about heat — it is arithmetic about current.
Frequently asked questions
How many watts can a 15 amp circuit take?
1,800 W at 120 V as a momentary maximum, and 1,440 W as a continuous load under the 80% rule. At 230 V a 15-amp circuit carries 3,450 W and 2,760 W continuously. Continuous means running three hours or more — a heater does, a toaster does not.
Why do American and European appliances have different wattages?
Voltage. Power is amps times volts, so at 230 V the same current delivers nearly twice the power. European kettles at 3,000 W boil in about half the time of a North American 1,500 W one, using almost the same total energy — just delivered faster.
Does a higher wattage appliance always cost more to run?
Per hour yes, per job not necessarily. A 3,000 W kettle uses twice the power of a 1,500 W one but boils in half the time, so the energy used is close to identical. It is watts multiplied by hours that appears on the bill, never watts alone.
Is amps × volts exactly watts?
For resistive loads — heaters, kettles, incandescent bulbs — yes. For motors, transformers and some electronics, real power is amps × volts × power factor, where power factor is below 1. The simple multiplication slightly overestimates the power those devices actually consume, while correctly describing the current the wiring carries.
What trips a breaker, current or power?
Current. A breaker measures amps, which is why the same 1,500 W appliance is fine on 230 V and marginal on 120 V. Breakers also tolerate brief surges — a motor starting draws several times its running current for a moment — which is why an appliance can start without tripping and still overload the circuit over time.
Can I run two heaters on one circuit?
Two 1,500 W heaters on a single 15-amp 120 V circuit is 25 amps on a 15-amp breaker: it will trip, and if the breaker is faulty it will do worse. Check which outlets share a circuit before assuming two sockets on opposite walls are independent — in many homes a whole room is one circuit.
How we calculate this
Conversions use watts = amps × volts and amps = watts ÷ volts, assuming a power factor of
- That is accurate for resistive loads; for motors and some electronics real power is lower than the product, while the current the wiring carries is as calculated. The continuous-load figures quoted follow the widely used rule that a circuit should carry no more than 80% of its rating for loads running three hours or more; exact requirements vary by jurisdiction and this is guidance for estimating rather than an installation instruction. Cost uses watts × hours ÷ 1,000 × your price per kWh.
Worked example
With Watts 1800, Hours it runs 1, Supply voltage 120 V, Country United States (USD), Your price per kWh 0.17, this page works out 1.80 kWh = $0.31. At 120 V that appliance draws 15 amps.
- Running for 24 hours43.2 kWh · $7.34
- One kWh at this price$0.17
- What one kWh runs0.6 hours of this appliance
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